Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed antidepressants that, while generally well tolerated, are associated with a range of side effects. The most frequent side effects include gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and indigestion. Other common effects are insomnia or drowsiness, headache, agitation, anxiety, dizziness, dry mouth, and changes in sexual function—notably reduced libido, delayed orgasm, or problems with erection and ejaculation[1][3][4].
Some people also report weight changes, either gain or loss, and less commonly, rashes and blurred vision. Joint and muscle pain, sweating, and appetite loss can occur as well[4][6][7]. Side effects are usually dose related, and mild cases often improve as your body adjusts, but sometimes dose adjustment or timing changes can help manage symptoms[4].
Serious side effects—though rare—include:
- Serotonin syndrome: A potentially life-threatening condition characterized by confusion, restlessness, fever, sweating, shivering, tremor, and rapid heart rate. It most often occurs with a combination of serotonergic drugs or overdose, but can happen with SSRI monotherapy[1][3][7].
- Increased risk of bleeding: Especially when combined with other medications that affect blood clotting, such as NSAIDs or anticoagulants[6][7].
- Suicidal thoughts: Particularly in children, teenagers, and young adults under 25, especially during the first few weeks of treatment or when adjusting dosage[4][7].
- Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS): In rare instances, SSRIs have been associated with movement disorders such as dystonia, parkinsonism, and akathisia[1].
Withdrawal (discontinuation) symptoms may occur if SSRIs are stopped suddenly, particularly after long-term use. These can include nausea, headache, dizziness, chills, “brain zaps,” insomnia, and flu-like symptoms. To minimize these effects, SSRIs should be tapered gradually under medical supervision[2][5].
Sexual dysfunction is one of the most persistent and troubling side effects for many individuals and may require dose adjustment, switching medications, or additional therapies[6].
References
- [1] Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Adverse Effects
- [2] SSRI Antidepressant Medications: Adverse Effects and Tolerability
- [3] 11 SSRI Side Effects to Be Aware Of – GoodRx
- [4] SSRIs: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects of these Antidepressants
- [5] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor – Wikipedia
- [6] What are the real risks of antidepressants? – Harvard Health
- [7] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – Mayo Clinic
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