Chronic use of arthritis medications—including NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and supplements like glucosamine—can cause a variety of side effects, many of which may become more prominent or risky over the long term[1][2][3].
- Gastrointestinal issues: Long-term use of many arthritis drugs can lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia[1][2][3][4].
- Anemia: Some medications, such as NSAIDs, can cause anemia due to impacts on the gastrointestinal tract or interactions with blood cells[1].
- Edema: Swelling caused by fluid accumulation may occur, particularly with prolonged NSAID use, due to potential kidney damage[1].
- Liver and kidney function changes: Chronic acetaminophen use can lead to rare but serious liver or kidney problems, especially at higher doses[2].
- Psychiatric and neurological effects: Chronic use can sometimes cause headache, drowsiness, insomnia, anxiety, or muscle spasms[2][3][4].
- Skin reactions: Rashes and other skin reactions have been reported, occasionally with glucosamine as well as conventional medications[2][3][4].
- Allergic reactions: Supplements like glucosamine may trigger allergies in those with shellfish sensitivity and rarely may worsen asthma or raise eye pressure[3][4].
- Blood sugar elevation: Glucosamine may raise blood sugar levels, requiring caution in people with diabetes[4].
- Drug interactions: Combining arthritis medications with others (e.g., acetaminophen with glucosamine or warfarin) can reduce effectiveness or increase risks such as bleeding[3].
- Other rare risks: Uncommon but serious events, including bloody stools, unusual bleeding, liver dysfunction (yellow eyes or skin), or blood disorders have been noted, usually requiring prompt medical attention[2].
It’s important to discuss any long-term medication strategy with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage these potential risks[1][5].
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