Masturbation is generally considered harmless for most people and is a common part of a healthy sex life[2]. There are many myths about its dangers, but scientific evidence shows that most negative claims (such as causing blindness, infertility, erectile dysfunction, or mental illness) are false[2][3]. Masturbation does not negatively affect fertility, hormone levels, or cause long-term physical harm[3][4].
Possible side effects of masturbation are typically minor and temporary:
- Chafing or sore skin if done too roughly, which usually resolves on its own[2].
- A temporary mild swelling of the penis (edema) after frequent sessions, which also typically subsides without treatment[2].
Excessive or compulsive masturbation may lead to other issues if it begins to interfere with daily life, responsibilities, work, or relationships[2][3]. In some cases, it can become a behavioral problem, leading to neglect of social or job commitments, and might be tied to underlying emotional or psychological issues[3]. If masturbation disrupts daily function, seeking help from a mental health provider is recommended[2][3].
Some sources report that excessive masturbation can cause temporary changes in sexual sensitivity, making it harder to achieve orgasm during intercourse (sometimes called “death grip syndrome”), but adjusting technique can help restore normal sensation[3]. A minority of reports also refer to potential symptoms like testicular pain, psychological distress, or reduced sexual interest in real-life partners after excessive, habitual masturbation, though such cases are uncommon and not broadly supported by scientific evidence[1].
Emotional or psychological effects, such as guilt or shame, sometimes occur due to cultural or religious beliefs rather than the act itself[2][3][4].
Regular, moderate masturbation can provide multiple health benefits, including reducing stress, helping with sleep, improving mood, relieving menstrual cramps, and supporting sexual health[2]. For most people, it is a safe practice unless it becomes compulsive or results in physical discomfort[2][3][4].