Eucalyptus oil can cause a range of side effects, particularly if used improperly or in large amounts[1][3].
- Toxicity when ingested: Even small quantities of undiluted eucalyptus oil are highly toxic and potentially fatal. Symptoms of ingestion may include burning sensation in the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, respiratory difficulty, dizziness, drowsiness, seizures, coma, and can lead to multi-organ failure or even death, particularly in children[1][2][5].
- Topical side effects: When applied directly to the skin without dilution, eucalyptus oil may cause local allergic reactions such as redness, burning, and irritation[1][2][3].
- Respiratory effects: Inhalation may be generally safe for most adults, but prolonged exposure, especially for those with respiratory sensitivities (such as asthma), can potentially worsen symptoms and should be avoided[2][3].
- Allergic reactions: Some individuals are allergic to eucalyptus or its components, which can lead to more serious symptoms including swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing[1][7].
- Effects in vulnerable groups: Infants, young children, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people with liver disease, kidney issues, heart disease, or acute intermittent porphyria should avoid eucalyptus oil unless advised by a doctor[1][3].
- Potential drug interactions: Eucalyptus oil can interact with a variety of medications, especially those for diabetes, certain antibiotics, or heart medications. Always consult your healthcare professional before using eucalyptus oil if you take other medicines[7].
- Other reported symptoms of toxicity: Blue discoloration of skin (cyanosis), shortness of breath, muscle weakness, impaired balance and coordination, low blood pressure (hypotension), and irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) have all been associated with excessive or inappropriate use[1][7].
To reduce the risk of adverse effects, always dilute eucalyptus oil for topical use, keep it away from children and pets, and never ingest it. If accidental ingestion or a severe skin reaction occurs, seek immediate medical attention[1][2][5].
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