Children’s multivitamins, including those marketed for brain health, are generally considered safe when taken as directed, but side effects can occur, especially if a child takes more than the recommended dose or if the supplement contains certain ingredients in excess.[1]
Common side effects of children’s multivitamins may include:
- Upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea[3]
- Constipation[5]
- Headaches[2][3]
- Mild allergic reactions (rare) such as rash or itching[5]
Serious side effects are rare but require immediate medical attention. These include:
- Severe allergic reactions, such as hives, swelling of the face or throat, or trouble breathing[5]
- Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds (especially for multivitamins with iron)[5]
- Black, tarry, or bloody stools[5]
- Very severe stomach pain[5]
Specific vitamins and minerals in multivitamins can cause toxicity if overdosed:
- Excess vitamin A: Can cause headaches, nausea, skin issues, bone problems, and liver damage. Many multivitamins contain more than the recommended amount of vitamin A, so it is important to monitor intake from all sources.[1][3][7]
- Selenium: Overconsumption may cause nausea, hair loss, fatigue, kidney failure, or breathing problems. In rare cases, excessive selenium can be fatal.[1]
- Niacin (vitamin B3): High doses may result in dizziness, headaches, or upset stomach.[1]
- Vitamin E and K: Large amounts can increase bleeding risk.[1]
- Vitamin B-6: Long-term excessive use may lead to nerve problems (neuropathy) and nausea.[1]
- Iron: Toxic in overdose; symptoms range from upset stomach to potentially life-threatening complications, especially in young children.[5][7]
Multivitamins formulated with methylated vitamins (such as methylfolate and methylcobalamin) are generally safe, but excessive intake may cause headaches or stomach aches. It is best to start with lower doses and consult a healthcare provider.[2]
Most multivitamin-related side effects are temporary and resolve as a child’s body adjusts. However, if symptoms persist, or if you suspect your child has ingested too much, contact your healthcare provider or Poison Control immediately.[5][6][7]
References
- [1] Vitamins for Kids: Common Side Effects of Supplements – Vitacost
- [2] The Pros and Cons of Methylated Vitamins for Kids – Seeking Health
- [3] Multivitamin Side Effects: Timespan and When to Be Concerned – Healthline
- [5] Children’s Chewable Multivitamins Side Effects – Drugs.com
- [6] Vitamins for Kids: Do Children Really Need Supplements? – Cleveland Clinic
- [7] Can a child overdose on gummy vitamins? – Providence blog
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