Chronic use of arthritis medications, including both prescription and over-the-counter options, may lead to a variety of side effects. The most commonly reported long-term side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anemia, headache, and edema (swelling).[1]
Specifically, commonly used arthritis medicines such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen can lead to gastrointestinal problems (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation), and, less commonly, anemia or edema due to kidney effects.[1][2]
Acetaminophen, often used for arthritis pain, may also rarely cause serious side effects, including liver damage, blood disorders (e.g., unusual bleeding or bruising, anemia), allergic skin reactions, and signs of kidney issues (such as decreased urine output).[2] Rare symptoms demand prompt medical attention and can manifest as yellowing of the skin or eyes, severe gastrointestinal symptoms, or unexplained fatigue.[2]
Glucosamine, sometimes taken as a supplement for osteoarthritis, generally causes mild side effects such as nausea, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation, drowsiness, headaches, and rashes.[3][4] Infrequently, glucosamine may raise blood sugar, interact with diabetes medications, or cause allergies in people sensitive to shellfish.[3][4]
The presence and severity of chronic side effects can be influenced by individual health factors such as age, comorbid conditions (like diabetes or lung disease), and concurrent use of other medications (notably corticosteroids or immunomodulatory drugs in the case of rheumatoid arthritis). Some side effects can overlap with symptoms of the underlying arthritis itself, making attribution more challenging.[5]
The risk of these chronic side effects underscores the importance of regular monitoring by healthcare professionals, especially for those requiring long-term arthritis medication use. Patients should communicate openly with their providers about any new or worsening symptoms to manage risks effectively.[1][2][5]
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