Potassium permanganate can cause a range of side effects, which vary depending on the route and extent of exposure[3].
Topical exposure may result in:
- Irritation, pain, redness, itching, and skin rashes
- Burns, especially if applied for more than 10 minutes or in high concentrations
- Staining or discoloration of clothing and skin
- Severe eye irritation, redness, and blurred vision if it comes into contact with the eyes
- Prolonged or improper use increases the risk of chemical burns[3][5]
Inhalation of particles or fumes can cause:
- Irritation of the nose and throat
- Lung irritation leading to coughing or shortness of breath
- High exposures: pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), which is a medical emergency[7]
Ingestion (accidental or intentional) is highly toxic and can result in:
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
- Burns and ulceration of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach
- Swelling and bleeding of lips and tongue, pharyngeal or laryngeal edema (airway swelling)
- Necrotic ulcers, which may progress to perforation of the stomach or intestines
- Gastrointestinal bleeding, gastritis, and late complications such as esophageal stricture or pyloric stenosis
- Corrosive damage similar to acids or alkalis, with risk of airway edema requiring emergency intervention[1][2][3][4][5]
Severe or systemic poisoning may cause:
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), airway swelling
- Coagulopathy (blood clotting disturbances) and massive hemorrhage
- Hepatic (liver) and renal (kidney) damage or failure
- Pancreatitis and cardiovascular depression
- Methemoglobinemia (abnormal blood condition affecting oxygen transport)
- Potentially death in cases of high-dose ingestion (approximate lethal adult dose is 10 grams)[1][4][5]
First-aid and management: For topical or minor contact, thoroughly rinse with water and avoid further exposure. If ingested, do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention. For eye contact, flush with water and seek medical aid[3][7].
References
- [1] Suicidal ingestion of potassium permanganate – PMC
- [2] Suicidal Ingestion of Potassium Permanganate Crystals
- [3] Potassium Permanganate: Uses, How to Make Solution & Treatment
- [4] Potassium permanganate poisoning and airway oedema
- [5] Potassium permanganate (medical use) – Wikipedia
- [7] Common Name: POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE HAZARD … – NJ.gov