Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines are commonly prescribed for obstructive sleep apnea but can cause several side effects, most of which are mild and manageable.[1]
- Dry mouth, dry nose, or runny nose: The airflow from a CPAP can cause mouth or nasal dryness and, less commonly, nosebleeds. This is more likely in dry climates or winter seasons.[1][2][4][5][6]
- Nasal congestion: Some users develop stuffy noses or increased nasal congestion due to the pressurized air irritating nasal linings.[1][4][5]
- Skin irritation and pressure sores: The tight-fitting mask can lead to skin rashes, pressure marks, sores, or ulcers, especially with prolonged use.[1][2][3][4]
- Discomfort when exhaling: Some find it difficult to breathe out against the constant air pressure, particularly at higher settings.[1]
- Headaches: Though not common, headaches may occur if air pressure is set too high or there is sinus blockage.[2][3]
- Lung discomfort and chest pain: A burning sensation in the lungs or discomfort may occur when inhaling cold, dry air; this typically lessens with humidification.[1][2]
- Aerophagia (swallowing air): Some patients accidentally swallow air during CPAP use, causing bloating and abdominal discomfort.[2][4]
- Dry eyes: Mask leaks can allow air to blow toward the eyes, causing dryness or irritation.[4][5]
- Claustrophobia and discomfort: Wearing the mask may cause feelings of claustrophobia or general discomfort for some individuals.[2][3][4]
- Mask leaks and noise: Leaks around the mask affect CPAP efficacy and can disturb both the user and their bed partner.[1][2][5]
- Infections (rare, if not properly cleaned): Improper cleaning can lead to sinus or respiratory infections due to buildup of bacteria and mold.[2][4]
- Shortness of breath and dizziness: Some users temporarily feel short of breath or dizzy, often due to unfamiliarity with pressurized breathing or middle ear pressure changes.[2][3]
- Other long-term effects: Rarely, long-term use can affect facial growth in children, cause middle ear discomfort, or, if faulty equipment is used, lead to exposure to harmful chemicals.[3][5]
Most side effects can be prevented or minimized by adjusting the mask fit, using a humidifier, and maintaining proper machine hygiene.[6] It is important to continue using CPAP as prescribed, as untreated sleep apnea poses greater health risks than these manageably minor side effects.[2]
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