Long-term use of the 3-year family planning injection, often referring to medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera), is associated with several side effects, especially when used beyond recommended durations.[3]
Potential side effects after 3 years of use include:
- Increased risk of brain tumors (meningiomas): Prolonged use for 3 years or more may increase the chance of developing meningioma, a type of brain tumor. Some studies suggest the risk is especially pronounced after more than one year of continuous use.[1][2][3]
- Bone mineral density loss: Long-term use can lead to decreased bone density and a higher risk of osteoporosis and fractures, especially in younger women or those at risk for bone disease.[4][6]
- Blood clots: There is an elevated risk of blood clots, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.[3][4]
- Mood changes and mental health issues: Side effects such as depression, anxiety, and mood swings have been reported.[1][4][5]
- Irregular menstrual bleeding: This includes heavy or prolonged bleeding, spotting, or the absence of periods.[5]
- Other possible risks: Increased risk of certain cancers (such as breast or cervical cancer), vision problems, headaches, and neurological symptoms including seizures or hearing loss.[1][2][4]
It is important to note that many side effects are rare, but they can be serious. The FDA recommends limiting the use of Depo-Provera injections to two years or less unless other birth control methods are considered unsuitable.[2][3]
References
- [1] Long-Term Side Effects of Depo-Provera Shots [2025] – Sokolove Law
- [2] Depo-Provera Long-Term Side Effects [2025 Update] | King Law
- [3] Side effects of medroxyprogesterone contraceptive injections – NHS
- [4] Depo Provera Complications and Side Effects
- [5] Depo-Provera (birth control shot) – Mayo Clinic
- [6] Potential Long-Term Effects of Depo-Provera
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