The 3-month Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injection is associated with a range of side effects, which can be categorized as common, less common, and serious or long-term effects[3][4][5][6].
Common side effects:
- Changes to menstrual cycles (irregular bleeding, spotting, or no periods after about a year in 50% of women)
- Headaches
- Weight gain
- Belly or stomach pain
- Bloating
- Decreased interest in sex (low libido)
- Acne
- Mood changes, such as depression or nervousness
- Weakness or fatigue
- Dizziness
- Breast tenderness
- Hair loss or unwanted body/facial hair
- Pain, redness, or irritation at the injection site
These side effects commonly ease or stop within the first few months of use[3][4][6].
Serious and long-term side effects:
- Loss of bone mineral density, raising the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures; the FDA and experts recommend limiting use to 2 years unless alternative contraception is unavailable[2][4][6].
- Blood clots
- Severe depression or mood disorders
- Vision problems
- Increased risk of breast and cervical cancers (according to some studies)
- Meningioma (a type of brain tumor)—recent studies indicate that use for over a year may increase risk 5-fold[1][2].
- Seizures (very rare)
- Severe allergic reactions (very rare)
Symptoms that require immediate medical attention:
- Sudden, severe headaches or vision changes
- Heavy, persistent vaginal bleeding
- Trouble breathing or signs of severe allergic reaction
- Pain, swelling or redness in the leg (possible blood clot)
- Sudden weakness, numbness, or loss of coordination
- Chronic headaches, personality changes, dizziness (possible neurological problems)
Long-term considerations:
- Continuous use beyond two years is discouraged due to concerns about irreversible bone loss[2][4][6].
- The increased risk of meningioma, a rare but potentially serious tumor of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is now recognized in updated warnings in the UK, EU, and some recent U.S. legal filings[1][2].
Always discuss any new or concerning symptoms with your healthcare provider, and review your medical history and personal risk factors before starting or continuing Depo-Provera.
References
- [1] Long-Term Side Effects of Depo-Provera Shots [2025]
- [2] Depo-Provera Long-Term Side Effects [2025 Update] – King Law
- [3] Depo-Provera (birth control shot)
- [4] Depo-Provera (Birth Control Shot) – WebMD
- [5] Depo Provera Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term
- [6] 10 Depo-Provera Birth Control Shot Side Effects to Know …
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